GSM/GPS Based Women Security System Using Microcontroller

           Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

 

                                                     Masters of Physics

                                                                    In

                        Electronics – I (Micro controllers and Embedded system)

( Semester – III)

By

       ASHWINKUMAR RAJESH MISHRA

Department of Physics

N.E.S Ratnam College of Science, Arts and Commerce,

Bhandup (West), Mumbai.

OCTOBER 2015-16.

ABSTRACT: 

                         This project is based on women’s security system as there are many        cases about women harassment reported every day. Although an Android based    application on Women security is already out in the market but for non android users,    I thought an idea for developing a project based on women security using  Microcontrollers. In this project, a user can press a button that is located on the project  with GPS and GSM technology using microcontroller. Once the button is pressed the  microcontroller receives the signals from GPS system which has present location  information and then the microcontroller allows the GSM system to send the Alert    Message to the predefined numbers as “MY LIFE IS IN DANGER, SAVE ME AT  ADDRESS BELOW” followed by GPS link. This project could be designed in small  size and light weight something like mobile phone so that carrying is not that problem.  By just simply pressing a single key, this will send the Distress Alert message along  with the location to your near and dear ones. And if timely actions are taken many  misfortunes could be avoided.

                                 Content

Sr. No.	Title	Page No.
1.	Aim of the project
2.	Introduction
3.	The Reason Why I am making this Project
4.	Literature Survey
5.	Component used in the Project
6.	Block diagram
7.	Component details
8.	Circuit diagram
9.	Construction
10.	Cost of  Project
11.	What I have done in Sem-III
12.	What I am going to do in Sem-IV
13.	References

Aim of the Project:

Aim of our project is to make a Women Security System which uses GSM and GPS technology using microcontroller AT89C2051.

 Introduction:

                 This project is based on women’s security as it is reported that everyday  there is many cases about women harassment. This is been reported that a woman is  raped every 18 hours in India. A 23-year-old IT professional, from Mumbai, was    kidnapped from a busy suburban station and then raped and murdered. The police  refused to register her case for several days and her body was found much later,  mostly through the efforts of her own family.

                Although an Android based application on Women security is already out in  the market but for non android users, I thought an idea for developing a project based  on women security using Microcontrollers.

                In this project, a user can press a button that is located on the project with  GPS and GSM technology using microcontroller. Once the button is pressed the  microcontroller receives the signals from GPS system which has present location  information and then the microcontroller allows the GSM system to send the Alert  Message to the predefined numbers as “MY LIFE IS IN DANGER, SAVE ME AT  ADDRESS BELOW” followed by GPS link. This project could be designed in small  size and light weight something like mobile phone so that carrying is not that problem.

               This project requires a Microcontroller, GPS Modem and GSM Modem with  SIM 300, DB9 connectors for GSM and GPS modem, 16x2 line LCD display, LED’s,  Serial port for serial communication between microcontroller and the GSM and GPS  modem.

              By just simply pressing a single key, this will send the Distress Alert message  along with the location to your near and dear ones. And if timely actions are taken  many misfortunes could be avoided.

    The Reason Why I am making this Project:

                  8^th March is an important day in our calendar i.e. it is the International  Women’s Day. We celebrate this day every year since 1975. But in India, Violence  against women is widespread throughout the country. This is been reported that a  woman is raped every 18 hours in India. A 23-year-old IT professional, from Mumbai,  was kidnapped from a busy suburban station and then raped and murdered. The police   refused to register her case for several days and her body was found much later,    mostly through the efforts of her own family.

                     Helan Clark has well said that “Preventing and eliminating violence  against women requires leadership and political will backed by action and resources”.  This is exactly what India must do. Only then our country will have a true cause to  celebrate International Women's Day. But till then should we wait and watch? No. By  keeping this in mind, I thought of designing a project for women security.

      Literature Survey:

                               A GPS & GSM Based Vehicle Tracking and Employee Security  System combine the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle. When the car  picks up the employee; he/she needs to swap the RFID card. The micro controller  matches the RFID card no. with its database records and sends the employee’s id, cab  id & the cab position co-ordinates to the company unit via GSM module. The GSM  Modem will receive the message through GSM in the company unit. If employee finds  himself/herself in a problem, he/she will press the button. Microcontroller will detect  the action & sends a signal to the GSM which will coordinate with to the company  unit and police. Microcontroller will also send a signal to the relay which will turn off  the car ignition & stop the car. The GSM Modem will receive the message. This  message will then be transferred to the computer through the serial port. The  employee name, employee id & cab position coordinates (longitude and latitude) get  displayed on computer. Once the data is obtained on the computer, it can be used for  further analysis. In this way the company unit keeps a track of the vehicle. This will  be a much simpler and low cost technique compared to others.

                        An Android based application on Women security is already out in the  market. This application is placed on the home screen of your Smartphone which  when pressed calls to the predefined contacts or sends email or SMS along with the  name, real-time, location, type of emergencies and enables to identify different  location. This is the best application for security of women for Smartphone users. But  what about other women who don’t have Smartphone or else what if their  Smartphone’s battery is low. So, to meet these requirements, I thought to build a  project using microcontroller, GPS and GSM system which is easy to carry and  cheaper in price.

Components used in the Project:

     The Project requires: -

1                                                                   A microcontroller

2                                                                   GPS Modem

3                                                                  GSM Modem SIM 300

4                                                                   DB9 connectors for GSM and GPS modem

.                                                                   16x2 line LCD display

6                                                                   LED’s

7                                                                  Serial port for serial communication between microcontroller and                                   the GSM and GPS modem.

MICROCONTROLLER:

                The IC AT89C2051 is an Intel 8051 compatible family of 8 bit  microcontrollers manufactured by the Atmel Corporation. It has flash programmable  and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

                Development tools like assemblers and simulators for 8051 may also be used  for AT89C2051. The Instruction set is same as that of 8051. It supports fully static  operation. The operating frequency is from 0Hz to 24MHz. It has two timers and K  flash PEROM. It has Data memory size as 128K RAM.

                 Atmel 89C2051 is a 20-pin device. It has 15 digital I/O lines. In  AT89C2051, P3.6 is not seen externally but it helps in a different sense i.e. it is the  output of a precision analog comparator and accessible through software. It has 16-bit  timers. There is no external address/data bus. Therefore, no external memory  connections are possible. In fact, only port1 and port3 (except P3.6) functions are  available in AT89C2051. The connections of external crystal and reset circuit of  89C051 is same as that of MCS-51. The pin description of IC AT89C2051 is shown  below:

  PIN Description:

           VCC (pin 20): Supply voltage.

           GND (pin 10): Ground.

           Port 1 (P1.0 to P1.7) pin 12 to 19: The Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port.            Port pins P1.2 to P1.7 provide internal pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 require external              pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 also serve as the positive input (AIN0) and the negative            input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip precision analog comparator. The                  Port 1 out-put buffers can sink 20 mA and can drive LED displays directly.                    When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they can be used as inputs. When pins P1.2              to P1.7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source                        current (I) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives code data during            Flash programming and verification.

           Port 3: Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bi-directional I/O pins with                    internal pull-ups. P3.6 is hard-wired as an input to the output of the on-chip                    comparator and is not accessible as a general-purpose I/O pin. The Port 3 output            buffers can sink 20 mA. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high            by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are            externally being pulled low will source current (I) because of the pull-ups. Port              3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C2051 as                    listed below:

Port Pin	Alternate Functions
P3.0	RXD (serial input port)
P3.1	TXD (serial output port)
P3.2	INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3	INT1 (external interrupt 1)
P3.4	T0 (timer 0 external input)
P3.5	T1 (timer 1 external input)

   Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.

   RST ( PIN 1): Reset input. All I/O pins are reset to 1s as soon as RST goes high.          Holding the RST pin high for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running            resets the device. Each machine cycle takes 12 oscillator or clock cycles.

   XTAL1 (PIN 5): Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal      clock operating circuit.

   XTAL2 (PIN 4): Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

  BLOCK DIAGRAM of IC AT89C2051:

 IC MAX232:

                        The MAX232 is an IC, first created in 987 by Maxim Integrated               products, that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use       in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and       typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.

                        The driver provides RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5v) from a   signal +5v supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. The pin out           diagram of IC MAX232 is given below:

PIN Description OF MAX-232:

PIN 1(C1+): Connect a positive leg of capacitor to it. 

PIN 2(Vs+): Connect a positive leg of capacitor to it, and make negative leg of same capacitor ground.

PIN 3(C1-): Connect negative leg of capacitor whose positive leg is connected to pin1.

PIN 4(C2+): Connect positive leg of a capacitor to it.

PIN 5(C2-): Connect negative leg of capacitor to it, whose positive leg is connected to pin 4. 

PIN 6(Vs-): Connect negative leg of capacitor to it and apply 5 volts to positive leg of the same capacitors.

PIN 7(T2OUT): Connect this pin to pin 2 of DB-9 serial port of your PC; actually this pin transmits the transformed signal from TTL to RS-232 level. Pin 2 of DB9 port is actually RXD means it receives signal. 

PIN 8(R2IN): Connect this pin to pin 3 of DB9 port of your PC. This pin actually receives the signal    transmitted from PC. Pin 3 of DB9 port is actually TXD means it transmits signal.

PIN 9(R2OUT): Connect this pin to your module RXD pin which receives the signal. This pin outputs the signal that is     converted from rs232 level to TTL level. In case of 8051 micro controller connect this pin to port 3 pin 1. Since P3.1 receives the signal. Connect this pin to your module TXD pin, the pin that transmits the signal. In case of 8051 micro controller connect this pin to port 3 pin 2. Since P3.2 transmits signal.

PIN 11(T1IN): Connect this pin to your module TXD pin, the pin that transmits the signal. In case of 8051micro controller connect this pin to port 3 pin 2. Since P3.2 transmits signal.

PIN 12(R1OUT): Connect this pin to your module RXD pin which receives the signal. This pin outputs the signal that is converted from RS232 level to TTL level. In case of 8051 micro controller connect this pin to port 3 pin 1. Since P3.1 receives the signal.

PIN 13(R1IN): Connect this pin to pin 3 of DB9 port of your PC. This pin actually receives the signal     transmitted from PC. Pin 3 of DB9 port is actually TXD means it transmits signal.

PIN 14(T1OUT): Connect this pin to pin 2 of DB-9 serial port of your PC; actually this pin transmits the transformed signal from TTL to RS-232 level. Pin 2 of DB9 port is actually RXD means it receives signal. 

PIN 15(GND): Ground this pin.

PIN 16(VCC): Apply +5v to this pin.

RS-232 PIN Description:

DE-9 Pin	Signal Name	Dir	Description
1	DCD		Data Carrier Detect
2	RXD		Receive Data
3	TXD		Transmit Data
4	DTR		Data Terminal Ready
5	GND		System Ground
6	DSR		Data Set Ready
7	RTS		Request to Send
8	CTS		Clear to Send
9	RI		Ring Indicator

16CHAR x 2 LINE LCD:-

                   LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display  module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD means it can  display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each  character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers,  namely, Command and Data.

                   The command register stores the command instructions given to  the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined  task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position,  controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on  the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on  the LCD.

 16x2 Line LCD Pin Descriptions:

Pin No	Function	Name
1	Ground (0V)	Ground
2	Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V)	Vcc
3	Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor	VEE
4	Selects command register when low; and data register when high	Register Select
5	Low to write to the register; High to read from the register	Read/write
6	Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given	Enable
7	8-bit data pins	DB0
8		DB1
9		DB2
10		DB3
11		DB4
12		DB5
13		DB6
14		DB7
15	Backlight VCC (5V)	Led+
16	Backlight Ground (0V)	Led-

IC 7805 Voltage Regulator:

                         IC 7805 is a linear voltage regulator. It provides a 5 volt output. It is a  three terminal IC. This voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not  give the fixed voltage as a constant value. Capacitors of suitable values can be  connected at input and output pin depending upon the respective voltage levels.

GPS:

 Global Positioning System.

 It is a space based Satellite navigation system that provides Location and time  information.

 GPS gives information about:

1.     Message transmission time.

2.     Position at that time.

GSM:

 Global System for Mobile Communication.

 It is used for transmitting and receiving the data. SIM300 is a tri-band GSM/GPS  engine. It works on various frequencies i.e. EGSM 900MHz, DCS 800MHz and PCS  900MHz.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

CONSTRUCTION:

                     In the power Supply section IC1 is 7805, 5v regulator. 9 t0 12v one  ampere dc is input to the power supply. Capacitors C1 and C2 forms the filter circuit.  LED1 is a power supply indication led. Resistance R1 is a voltage dropping resistance  since the output of the regulator is 5v and led works on 3v dc.

                     On microprocessor AT89C2051, X1 is 11.059MHz crystal connected to  pin2 and pin3 of the microcontroller along with the capacitor c3 and capacitor c4  forms the clock frequency input to microcontroller. These values are already  recommended by the microcontroller manufacturer itself. Capacitor C5 and resistance  R2 forms the reset circuit of the microcontroller. WE used AT89C2051  microcontroller in our project since it is from 8051 family of the microcontroller. This  is a small in size and only 20 pin package. Its current consumption is quite low  compared to its big brother AT89C51 which has40 pin package. AT89C2051 is 20 pin  package with only two ports i.e. port1 and port3.

                      RS-232 is max23 IC with dual trans-receiver, is used for level  conversion. RS-232 was designed to work on the PC.  So, its logic is at +12 and -12v  level. It should be converted to TTL level to be connected to microcontroller which  works only on 5V dc. Capacitors C6, C7, C8, C9, and C10 are associated components  and are parts of RS-232 conversion as given in manufacturer’s data sheet.

                       Both GPS and GSM modems are connected to this RS-232 IC through  DB9 connector. This microcontroller has only one serial port. Additional serial port is  created by software. Data from GPS is received through software serial port and data  to gsm is transmitted through the onboard hardware serial port. P3.0 is RX pin and  P3.1 is TX pin similarly P1.0 and P1.1 are RX and TX pins for software serial port.

                       On the display, we have used 6 character 2 line916x20 texts LCD. Data  from microcontroller is sent through its pins P1.4 to pins P.7 Data is sent in nibble  mode. Pin P1.2 is connected to EN pin on the LCD. Variable resistance V1 is control  resistance.

                       GPS receiver works on 9600 modulation rate. It is used to receive the  data from space segment (from satellites), the GPS values of different satellites are  sent to microcontroller AT89C2051, where these are processed and forwarded to  GSM. At the time of processing GPS receives $GPGGA values. From these values  microcontroller takes only latitude values excluding time, altitude, name of the  satellite, authentication etc. Global system for mobile communication (GSM) works  on 9600 baud rate.

                       The power is supplied to components like GSM, GPS and  microcontroller circuitry using 12v/3.2A battery. GSM requires 12-9v, GPS and  microcontroller requires 5v.  With the help of regulator, we regulate the power  between three components.

Cost of the Project:

                                   I visited electronics market on 1^st Oct’14. Cost of the project         including all the  components is nearly Rs.3200/-

 Complete listing is given below:

Sr. No.	Components(quantity)	Cost(Rs)
1.	Capacitors- 1μf (5), 10μf (1), 30pf (2), 0.1μf (2)	15
2.	Resistance- 330Ω (2), 10k Ω (1)	3
3.	Variable resistance (1)	5
4.	Diode IN4007 (1)	2
5.	12V Battery (1)	350
6.	LEDs (4)	2
7.	DB9 connectors(2)	20
8.	IC 7805 (1)	10
9.	GPS modem (1)	1200
10.	GSM modem (1)	1200
11.	IC AT89C2051 (1)	40
12.	2 line 16 character LCD (1)	150
13.	RS-232 dual trans-receiver (1)	50
14.	IC socket- 20-pin (1), 16-pin (1)	10
15.	Crystal 11.059MHz (1)	11
16.	Link wires	10
17.	PCB	100

What I have done in Sem-III:

                

 Till now, I have done

·         Literature survey on this project.

·         Developed the reason that why there is a need of this project.

·         Implemented the idea for developing Women security system.

·         Developed the block diagram of the project.

·         Studied the working and complete component details why and how the components  are used.

·         With the help of the data sheets of every components, developed a circuit for our  project.

·         Complete construction of the project has been studied.

What I am going to do in Sem-IV:

                

 In the Next session,

·         I am going to implement this circuit on the PCB by soldering all components on it.

·         Programming for the project will be done by using the Assembly Language  programming for IC AT89C2051.

·         Feeding of the program in the IC i.e. burning of the IC will be done and it will be  ready to use with the circuit. Complete Project with the Project report and Presentation  will be done.